Cookie-什么是Cookie
1、Cookie 翻译过来是饼干的意思。
2、Cookie 是服务器通知客户端保存键值对的一种技术。
3、客户端有了 Cookie 后,每次请求都发送给服务器。
4、每个 Cookie 的大小不能超过 4kb
Cookie-Cookie的创建、Cookie-Cookie的获取、Cookie-Cookie值的修改、Cookie-Cookie的存活设置、Cookie-Cookie的path属性
如何创建 Cookie
服务器如何获取 Cookie
Cookie 生命控制
Cookie 的生命控制指的是如何管理 Cookie 什么时候被销毁(删除)
setMaxAge()
正数,表示在指定的秒数后过期
负数,表示浏览器一关,Cookie 就会被删除(默认值是-1)
零,表示马上删除 Cookie
Cookie 有效路径 Path 的设置
Cookie 的 path 属性可以有效的过滤哪些 Cookie 可以发送给服务器。哪些不发。
path 属性是通过请求的地址来进行有效的过滤。
CookieA path=/工程路径
CookieB path=/工程路径/abc
请求地址如下:
http://ip:port/工程路径/a.html
CookieA 发送
CookieB 不发送
http://ip:port/工程路径/abc/a.html
CookieA 发送
CookieB 发送
package top.qaqaq.servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import top.qaqaq.util.CookieUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author RichieZhang
* @create 2022-12-12 下午 8:56
*/
public class CookieServlet extends BaseServlet{
protected void testPath(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("path1","path1");
// getContextPath() ===>>>> 得到工程路径
cookie.setPath(req.getContextPath() + "/abc"); // ===>>>> /工程路径/abc
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("创建了一个带有Path路径的Cookie");
}
/**
* 设置存活 1 个小时的 CooKie
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void life3600(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("life3600","life3600");
cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60); //设置Cookie一小时之后被删除。无效
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("已经创建了一个存活一小时的Cookie");
}
/**
* 马上删除一个 Cookie
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void deleteNow(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 先找到你要删除的Cookie对象
Cookie cookie = CookieUtils.findCookie("key1",req.getCookies());
if (cookie != null) {
// 调用SetMaxAge(0);
cookie.setMaxAge(0); // 表示马上删除,都不需要等待浏览器关闭
// 调用response.addCookie(cookie);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("key1的Cookie已经被删除");
}
}
/**
* 默认的会话级别的 Cookie
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void defalutLife(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("defaultLife","defaultLife");
cookie.setMaxAge(-1);// 设置存活时间
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
protected void updateCookie(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//方案一:
//1. 先创建一个要修改的同名的Cookie对象
//2. 在构造器,同时赋予新的Cookie值。
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1","newValue1");
//3. 调用response.addCookie( Cookie ); 通知 客户端 保存修改
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("key1的Cookie已经修改好");
//方案二:
//1. 先查找需要修改的Cookie对象
Cookie cookie1 = CookieUtils.findCookie("key2",req.getCookies());
if (cookie1 != null){
//2. 调用setValue()方法赋予新的Cookie值。
cookie1.setValue("newValue2");
//3. 调用response.addCookie()通知客户端保存修改
resp.addCookie(cookie1);
}
resp.getWriter().write("key2的Cookie已经修改好");
}
protected void getCookie(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
// getName方法返回Cookie的key(名)
// getValue方法返回Cookie的Value值
resp.getWriter().write("Cookie[" + cookie.getName() + "=" + cookie.getValue() + "] <br/>");
}
Cookie iWantCookie = CookieUtils.findCookie("key1",cookies);
// for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
// if ("key2".equals(cookie.getName())) {
// iWantCookie = cookie;
// break;
// }
//
// }
// 如果不等于null,说明赋过值,也就是找到了需要的Cookie
if (iWantCookie != null) {
resp.getWriter().write("找到了需要的Cookie");
}
}
protected void createCookie(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 创建Cookie对象
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1","value1");
// 2. 通知客户端保存Cookie
resp.addCookie(cookie);
// 1. 创建Cookie对象
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("key2","value2");
// 2. 通知客户端保存Cookie
resp.addCookie(cookie1);
resp.getWriter().write("Cookie创建成功");
}
}
package top.qaqaq.servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @author RichieZhang
* @create 2022-12-10 下午 12:28
*/
public abstract class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// super.doGet(req, resp);
doPost(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// super.doPost(req, resp);
// 解决post请求中文乱码问题
// 一定要在获取请求参数之前调用才有效
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 解决响应中文乱码问题
resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
String action = req.getParameter("action");
//通过反射动态获取
try {
// 通过action业务鉴别字符串,获取相应的业务 方法反射对象
Method method = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(action, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
// System.out.println(method);
// 调用目标业务 方法
method.invoke(this,req,resp);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package top.qaqaq.util;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
/**
* @author RichieZhang
* @create 2022-12-12 下午 9:32
*/
public class CookieUtils {
/**
* 查找指定名称的Cookie对象
* @param name
* @param cookies
* @return
*/
public static Cookie findCookie(String name, Cookie[] cookies) {
if (name == null || cookies == null || cookies.length == 0) {
return null;
}
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if (name.equals(cookie.getName())) {
return cookie;
}
}
return null;
}
}
cookie.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache" />
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache" />
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Cookie</title>
<base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_Cookie/" />
<style type="text/css">
ul li {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<iframe name="target" width="500" height="500" style="float: left;"></iframe>
<div style="float: left;">
<ul>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=createCookie" target="target">Cookie的创建</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=getCookie" target="target">Cookie的获取</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=updateCookie" target="target">Cookie值的修改</a></li>
<li>Cookie的存活周期</li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=defalutLife" target="target">Cookie的默认存活时间(会话)</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=deleteNow" target="target">Cookie立即删除</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=life3600" target="target">Cookie存活3600秒(1小时)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=testPath" target="target">Cookie的路径设置</a></li>
<li><a href="" target="target">Cookie的用户免登录练习</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Cookie-谷歌和火狐浏览器如何查看Cookie
谷歌浏览器如何查看 Cookie:
火狐浏览器如何查看 Cookie:
Cookie练习之免用户名登录
package top.qaqaq.servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author RichieZhang
* @create 2022-12-13 上午 10:36
*/
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
if ("qaqaq".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
// 登录 成功
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username",username);
cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24 * 7); // 当前Cookie一周内有效
resp.addCookie(cookie);
System.out.println("登录 成功");
} else {
// 登录 失败
System.out.println("登录 失败");
}
}
}
login.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: ZRich
Date: 2022/12/13
Time: 上午 10:34
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_Cookie/loginServlet" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" value="${cookie.username.value}"> <br/>
密码:<input type="password" name="password" id=""> <br/>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>top.qaqaq.servlet.CookieServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cookieServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>top.qaqaq.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>