AJAX功能演示 – RichieZhang

AJAX功能演示

2022-12-20 15:35

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AJAX-什么是AJAX请求

AJAX 即“Asynchronous Javascript And XML”（异步 JavaScript 和 XML），是指一种创建交互式网页应用的网页开发技术。

ajax 是一种浏览器通过 js 异步发起请求，局部更新页面的技术。

Ajax 请求的局部更新，浏览器地址栏不会发生变化
局部更新不会舍弃原来页面的内容

AJAX-原生JavaScript的AJAX请求示例、AJAX-AJAX请求的特点说明

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache" />
		<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache" />
		<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" />
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<title>Insert title here</title>
		<script type="text/javascript">
			//在这里使用javaScript语言发起Ajax请求，访问服务器AjaxServlet中javaScriptAjax
			function ajaxRequest() {
// 				1、我们首先要创建XMLHttpRequest
				var xmlhttprequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 				2、调用open方法设置请求参数
				xmlhttprequest.open("GET","http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet?action=javaScriptAjax",true);
// 				4、在send方法前绑定onreadystatechange事件，处理请求完成后的操作。
				xmlhttprequest.onreadystatechange = function () {
					if (xmlhttprequest.readyState == 4 && xmlhttprequest.status == 200) {

						alert("收到服务器返回的数据：" + xmlhttprequest.responseText);

						var jsonObj = JSON.parse(xmlhttprequest.responseText);


						// 把响应的数据显示在页面上
						document.getElementById("div01").innerHTML = "编号：" + jsonObj.id + ",姓名" + jsonObj.name;

						//alert(xmlhttprequest.responseText);
					}
				}
// 				3、调用send方法发送请求
				xmlhttprequest.send();

				alert("我是最后一行代码");
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<a href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet?action=javaScriptAjax">非Ajax</a> <br/>
		<button onclick="ajaxRequest()">ajax request</button>
		<div id="div01">
		</div>
		<table border="1">
			<tr>
				<td>1.1</td>
				<td>1.2</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>2.1</td>
				<td>2.2</td>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</body>
</html>

AJAX-jQuery的ajax方法、AJAX-jQuery的get和post方法、AJAX-jQuery的getJSON方法、AJAX-jQuery的serialize方法

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache" />
		<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache" />
		<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" />
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<title>Insert title here</title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="script/jquery-1.7.2.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
			$(function(){
				// ajax请求
				$("#ajaxBtn").click(function(){

					$.ajax({
						url:"http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet",
						//data:"action=jQueryAjax",
						data:{action:"jQueryAjax"},
						type:"GET",
						success:function (data) {
							//alert("服务器返回的数据是：" + data);

							//var jsonObj = JSON.parse(data);

							$("#msg").html("ajax 编号：" + data.id + ",姓名：" + data.name);
						},
						dataType: "json"
					})
					
					//alert("ajax btn");

				});

				// ajax--get请求
				$("#getBtn").click(function(){

					$.get("http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet",
							"action=jQueryGet",
							function (data) {
								$("#msg").html("get 编号：" + data.id + ",姓名：" + data.name);
							},"json");

					//alert(" get btn ");
					
				});
				
				// ajax--post请求
				$("#postBtn").click(function(){
					// post请求
					$.post("http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet",
							"action=jQueryPost",
							function (data) {
								$("#msg").html("post 编号：" + data.id + ",姓名：" + data.name);
							},"json");

					//alert("post btn");
					
				});

				// ajax--getJson请求
				$("#getJSONBtn").click(function(){
					// 调用
					$.getJSON("http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet",
							"action=jQueryGetJSON",
							function (data) {
								$("#msg").html("getJSON 编号：" + data.id + ",姓名：" + data.name);
							})

					//alert("getJSON btn");

				});

				// ajax请求
				$("#submit").click(function(){
					// 把参数序列化

					//alert($("#form01").serialize());

					$.getJSON("http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Code_AJAX/ajaxServlet",
							"action=jQuerySerialize&" + $("#form01").serialize(),
							function (data) {
								$("#msg").html("Serialize 编号：" + data.id + ",姓名：" + data.name);
							})

					//alert("serialize()");
				});
				
			});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<div>
			<button id="ajaxBtn">$.ajax请求</button>
			<button id="getBtn">$.get请求</button>
			<button id="postBtn">$.post请求</button>
			<button id="getJSONBtn">$.getJSON请求</button>
		</div>
		<div id="msg">

		</div>
		<br/><br/>
		<form id="form01" >
			用户名：<input name="username" type="text" /><br/>
			密码：<input name="password" type="password" /><br/>
			下拉单选：<select name="single">
			  	<option value="Single">Single</option>
			  	<option value="Single2">Single2</option>
			</select><br/>
		  	下拉多选：
		  	<select name="multiple" multiple="multiple">
		    	<option selected="selected" value="Multiple">Multiple</option>
		    	<option value="Multiple2">Multiple2</option>
		    	<option selected="selected" value="Multiple3">Multiple3</option>
		  	</select><br/>
		  	复选：
		 	<input type="checkbox" name="check" value="check1"/> check1
		 	<input type="checkbox" name="check" value="check2" checked="checked"/> check2<br/>
		 	单选：
		 	<input type="radio" name="radio" value="radio1" checked="checked"/> radio1
		 	<input type="radio" name="radio" value="radio2"/> radio2<br/>
		</form>			
		<button id="submit">提交--serialize()</button>
	</body>
</html>

Servlet

package top.qaqaq.servlet;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import top.qaqaq.pojo.Person;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author RichieZhang
 * @create 2022-12-20 12:58
 */
public class AjaxServlet extends BaseServlet{

    protected void javaScriptAjax(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Ajax请求过来了");

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }

    protected void jQueryAjax(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("jQueryAjax == 方法调用了");

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }

    protected void jQueryGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("jQueryGet == 方法调用了");

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }

    protected void jQueryPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("jQueryPost == 方法调用了");

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }

    protected void jQueryGetJSON(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("jQueryGetJSON == 方法调用了");

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }

    protected void jQuerySerialize(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("jQuerySerialize == 方法调用了");

        System.out.println("用户名：" + req.getParameter("username"));
        System.out.println("密码：" + req.getParameter("password"));

        Person person = new Person(1, "我");

        //json 格式的字符串
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String personJsonString = gson.toJson(person);

        resp.getWriter().write(personJsonString);
    }
}

package top.qaqaq.servlet;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * @author RichieZhang
 * @create 2022-12-10 下午 12:28
 */
public abstract class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        // 解决post请求中文乱码问题
        // 一定要在获取请求参数之前调用才有效
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 解决响应中文乱码
        resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");

        String action = req.getParameter("action");

        //方法二：通过反射动态获取
        try {
            // 通过action业务鉴别字符串，获取相应的业务 方法反射对象
            Method method = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(action, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);

//            System.out.println(method);

            // 调用目标业务 方法
            method.invoke(this,req,resp);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e); // 把异常抛给Filter过滤器
        }
    }
}

package top.qaqaq.pojo;

/**
 * @author RichieZhang
 * @create 2022-12-19 21:57
 */
public class Person {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(Integer id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_0.xsd"
         version="6.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>AjaxServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.qaqaq.servlet.AjaxServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>AjaxServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/ajaxServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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