# 第11章_数据处理之增删改
# 0. 储备工作
USE atguigudb;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp1(
id INT,
`name` VARCHAR(15),
hire_date DATE,
salary DOUBLE(10,2)
);
DESC emp1;
SELECT *
FROM emp1;
# 1. 添加数据
#方式1:一条一条的添加数据
# ① 没有指明添加的字段
#正确的
INSERT INTO emp1
VALUES (1,'Tom','2000-12-21',3400); #注意:一定要按照声明的字段的先后顺序添加
#错误的
INSERT INTO emp1
VALUES (2,3400,'2000-12-21','Jerry');
# ② 指明要添加的字段(推荐)
INSERT INTO emp1(id,hire_date,salary,`name`)
VALUES(2,'1999-09-09',4000,'Jerry');
# 说明:没有进行赋值的hire_date 的值为 null
INSERT INTO emp1(id,salary,`name`)
VALUES(3,4500,'shk');
# ③ 同时插入多条记录
INSERT INTO emp1(id,name,salary)
VALUES(4,'Jim',5000),
(5,'张俊杰',5500);
#方式2:将查询结果插入到表中
SELECT * FROM emp1;
INSERT INTO emp1(id,name,salary,hire_date)
#查询语句
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,hire_date # 查询的字段一定要与添加到的表的字段一一对应
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (60,70);
DESC emp1;
DESC employees;
#说明:emp1表中要添加数据的字段的长度不能低于employees表中查询的字段的长度。
# 如果emp1表中要添加数据的字段的长度低于employees表中查询的字段的长度的话,就有添加不成功的风险。
# 2. 更新数据(或修改数据)
# UPDATE...SET...WHERE...
# 可以实现批量修改数据的。
UPDATE emp1
SET hire_date = CURDATE()
WHERE id = 5;
SELECT * FROM emp1;
#同时修改一条数据的多个字段
UPDATE emp1
SET hire_date = CURDATE(),salary = 6000
WHERE id = 4;
#题目:将表中姓名中包含字符a的提薪20%
UPDATE emp1
SET salary = salary * 1.2
WHERE NAME LIKE '%a%';
#修改数据时,是可能存在不成功的情况的。(可能是由于约束的影响造成的)
UPDATE employees
SET department_id = 10000
WHERE employee_id = 102;
# 3. 删除数据 DELETE FROM....WHERE....
DELETE FROM emp1
WHERE id = 1;
#在删除数据时,也有可能因为约束的影响,导致删除失败
DELETE FROM departments
WHERE department_id = 50;
#小结:DML操作默认情况下,执行完以后都会自动提交数据。
# 如果希望执行完以后不自动提交数据,则需要使用 SEL AUTOCOMMIT = FALSE.
# 4. MySQL8的新特性:计算列
USE atguigudb;
CREATE TABLE test1(
a INT,
b INT,
c INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a + b) VIRTUAL #字段c即为计算列
);
INSERT INTO test1(a,b)
VALUES(10,20);
SELECT * FROM test1;
UPDATE test1
SET a = 100;
# 5. 综合案例
# 1、创建数据库test01_library
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test01_library CHARACTER SET 'utf8';
USE test01_library;
# 2、创建表 books,表结构如下:
# 字段名 字段说明 数据类型
# id 书编号 INT
# name 书名 VARCHAR(50)
# authors 作者 VARCHAR(100)
# price 价格 FLOAT
# pubdate 出版日期 YEAR
# note 说明 VARCHAR(100)
# num 库存 INT
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS books (
id INT,
`name` VARCHAR(50),
`authors` VARCHAR(100),
price FLOAT,
pubdate YEAR,
note VARCHAR(100),
num INT
);
DESC books;
SELECT * FROM books;
# 3、向books表中插入记录
# 1)不指定字段名称,插入第一条记录
INSERT INTO books
VALUES(1,'Tal of AAA','Dickes',23,'1995','novel',11);
# 2)指定所有字段名称,插入第二记录
INSERT INTO books(ID,name,authors,price,pubdate,note,num)
VALUES(2,'EmmaT','Jane lura',35,'1993','joke',22);
# 3)同时插入多条记录(剩下的所有记录)
INSERT INTO books(id,name,authors,price,pubdate,note,num)
VALUES
(3,'Story of Jane','Jane Tim',40,2001,'novel',0),
(4,'Lovey Day','George Byron',20,2005,'novel',30),
(5,'Old land','Honore Blade',30,2010,'Law',0),
(6,'The Battle','Upton Sara',30,1999,'medicine',40),
(7,'Rose Hood','Richard haggard',28,2008,'cartoon',28);
# id name authors price pubdate note num
# 1 Tal of AAA Dickes 23 1995 novel 11
# 2 EmmaT Jane lura 35 1993 joke 22
# 3 Story of Jane Jane Tim 40 2001 novel 0
# 4 Lovey Day George Byron 20 2005 novel 30
# 5 Old land Honore Blade 30 2010 law 0
# 6 The Battle Upton Sara 30 1999 medicine 40
# 7 Rose Hood Richard haggard 28 2008 cartoon 28
# 4、将小说类型(novel)的书的价格都增加5。
UPDATE books
SET price = price + 5
WHERE note = 'novel';
# 5、将名称为EmmaT的书的价格改为40,并将说明改为drama。
UPDATE books
SET price = 40,note = 'drama'
WHERE name = 'EmmaT';
# 6、删除库存为0的记录。
DELETE FROM books
WHERE num = 0;
# 7、统计书名中包含a字母的书
SELECT name
FROM books
WHERE name LIKE '%a%';
# 8、统计书名中包含a字母的书的数量和库存总量
SELECT COUNT(*),SUM(num)
FROM books
WHERE name LIKE '%a%';
# 9、找出“novel”类型的书,按照价格降序排列
SELECT name,note,price
FROM books
WHERE note = 'novel'
ORDER BY price DESC;
# 10、查询图书信息,按照库存量降序排列,如果库存量相同的按照note升序排列
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY num DESC,note ASC;
# 11、按照note分类统计书的数量
SELECT note,COUNT(*)
FROM books
GROUP BY note;
# 12、按照note分类统计书的库存量,显示库存量超过30本的
SELECT note,SUM(num)
FROM books
GROUP BY note
HAVING SUM(num) > 30;
# 13、查询所有图书,每页显示5本,显示第二页
SELECT *
FROM books
LIMIT 5,5;
# 14、按照note分类统计书的库存量,显示库存量最多的
SELECT note,SUM(num) sum_num
FROM books
GROUP BY note
ORDER BY sum_num DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
# 15、查询书名达到10个字符的书,不包括里面的空格
SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(REPLACE(name,' ',''))
FROM books
SELECT name
FROM books
WHERE CHAR_LENGTH(REPLACE(name,' ','')) >= 10;
# 16、查询书名和类型,其中note值为novel显示小说,law显示法律,medicine显示医药,cartoon显示卡通,joke显示笑话
SELECT name "书名",note,CASE note WHEN 'novel' THEN '小说
' WHEN 'law' THEN '法律'
WHEN 'medicine' THEN '医药'
WHEN 'cartoon' THEN '卡通'
WHEN 'joke' THEN '笑话'
ELSE '其他'
END "类型"
FROM books;
# 17、查询书名、库存,其中num值超过30本的,显示滞销,大于0并低于10的,显示畅销,为0的显示需要无货
SELECT name AS "书名",num AS "库存", CASE WHEN num > 30 THEN '滞销'
WHEN num > 0 AND num < 10 THEN '畅销'
WHEN num = 0 THEN '无货'
ELSE '正常'
END "显示状态"
FROM books;
# 18、统计每一种note的库存量,并合计总量
SELECT IFNULL(note,'合计库存总量') AS note,SUM(num)
FROM books
GROUP BY note WITH ROLLUP;
# 19、统计每一种note的数量,并合计总量
SELECT IFNULL(note,'合计总量') AS note,COUNT(*)
FROM books
GROUP BY note WITH ROLLUP;
# 20、统计库存量前三名的图书
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY num DESC
LIMIT 0,3;
# 21、找出最早出版的一本书
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY pubdate ASC
LIMIT 0,1;
# 22、找出novel中价格最高的一本书
SELECT *
FROM books
WHERE note = 'novel'
ORDER BY price DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
# 23、找出书名中字数最多的一本书,不含空格
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY CHAR_LENGTH(REPLACE(name,' ','')) DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
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